
The U.S.–China tariff conflict has evolved into one of the most consequential economic standoffs of the 21st century. Since President Trump’s return to office in January 2025, he has aggressively pursued a protectionist trade agenda, reviving and intensifying the tariff war that began during his first term. On April 2, he declared “Liberation Day,” imposing…

Introduction On August 7, 2025, the United States implemented one of the most sweeping tariff overhauls in recent history, targeting imports from over 25 countries and reshaping the cost structure of everything from apparel and electronics to food and fuel. With rates surging as high as 50%, the ripple effects are being felt across income…

Section 232 Tariff Update: What Exporters and Importers Must Know The U.S. Customs and Border Protection’s newly released guidance (CSMS #65340246) under the Trade Expansion Act Section 232 introduces a major shift: importers must now declare the country of origin for any aluminum or steel used in their products no matter how small or incidental.…

48 Hours That Shook Global Trade: The Tariff Avalanche of July 31–August 1, 2025 Summary Introduction: A Global Economic Shockwave In the span of just two days, the world watched the economic compass spin wildly as former U.S. President Donald Trump executed a sweeping trade overhaul. On July 31 and August 1, 2025, the United…

U.S. Trade Policy Overhaul: Tariffs on Brazil and South Korea, and the End of De Minimis The United States has initiated a sweeping transformation of its trade policy under President Donald Trump, marking a decisive pivot toward economic nationalism and protectionism. This shift includes the imposition of steep tariffs on Brazil and South Korea two…

Can the U.S. Department of State – European Union Trade Pact Spark a Transatlantic Business Renaissance? The newly signed U.S.–EU trade agreement marks a seismic shift in global commerce. With a 15% flat tariff on most EU exports to the U.S., and zero tariffs on U.S. goods entering the EU, the deal unlocks unprecedented opportunities…
The U.S.–EU trade deal locks in a uniform 15% tariff on all EU-origin goods entering the United States and eliminates duties on every American export bound for the 27-nation bloc. In return, the EU commits to purchasing $750 billion in U.S. energy products, investing $600 billion across U.S. infrastructure and technology projects, and streamlining defense…
In a landmark ceremony at Chequers, UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi signed a £6 billion free trade agreement, concluding over three years of negotiations. This pact is the largest trade deal Britain has signed since Brexit, and it signals a bold pivot toward high-growth economies and strategic alliances. Summary:…
Japan–U.S. Trade Deal Signed July 22, 2025 On July 22, 2025, Washington and Tokyo announced a landmark agreement designed to replace looming 25 percent auto tariffs with a more moderate 15 percent duty on Japanese imports, in exchange for sweeping investment pledges and fresh market openings. The pact aims to provide stability for Japanese exporters,…
Indonesia / U.S. tariff deal Overview of the New Trade Agreement In July 2025, Indonesia and the United States finalized a bilateral trade deal after direct negotiations between Presidents Prabowo Subianto and Donald Trump. This agreement was forged under pressure Trump had threatened a steep 32% tariff on Indonesian goods starting August 1. The deal…