Solar Inverter Imports

Solar inverter imports classify under HTS 8504.40 with low base MFN (1.5-2.5%). Section 122 surcharge applies; Section 301 if China-origin. UL 1741 listing required for U.S. distribution. Section 201 solar safeguard does NOT apply to inverters (only to cells/modules).

This guide covers U.S. import tariff and compliance for solar inverters.

For SMB importers in this category, the practical questions are HTS classification, applicable Section 232/301/122 stacks, FTA opportunities, and regulatory overlay (FDA/USDA/EPA/CPSC where relevant).

HTS classification basics

String inverters and microinverters classify under HTS 8504.40.95. Central inverters may classify differently depending on capacity.

Tariff stack and rates

Base 1.5-2.5% + Section 122 (15%) + Section 301 if China-origin. Effective 16.5-42.5%.

Country of origin considerations

China dominant historically; shifts to Vietnam, India, Korea ongoing. Mexican USMCA opportunity for assembly.

Regulatory overlay

UL 1741 grid-tied inverter listing. IEEE 1547 grid interconnection. State utility interconnection requirements.

Mitigation opportunities

Korean KORUS preference. Mexican USMCA qualification on assembled inverters.

Frequently asked questions

What is the typical effective duty rate?

Depends on origin and HTS classification. China-origin: 22-42% effective when Section 301 + Section 122 stack. USMCA-qualifying Mexican production: often 0-3%. Vietnam, India, Korea: 15-17% with Section 122.

Can I qualify under USMCA?

Possible if production occurs in U.S., Mexico, or Canada and meets rules of origin (typically 60% RVC under transaction value or 50% net cost). USMCA-qualifying goods are exempt from Section 122.

Are IEEPA refunds available?

Yes – for entries between April 5, 2025 and February 24, 2026 that paid IEEPA duty. Filed through CBP’s CAPE portal. We file claims on contingency for filings above $50k.

What about Section 232 exposure?

Specific to product type. Steel and aluminum derivatives expansion brought some downstream products into scope. Component-level analysis identifies actual coverage.

How do you help with this category?

Tariff exposure assessment ($2,500-$7,500), classification audit, USMCA qualification, refund recovery, audit response. Independent of any customs brokerage.