Customs protest filing strategy. Blanket vs single-entry, documentation, timing, common failure modes.
19 U.S.C. § 1520 reliquidation. § 1520(c) for clerical errors, § 1520(d) for FTA preference. Limited applicability.
Section 1514 protest filing deadlines. 180-day window from liquidation. How liquidation works, calculation, common deadline mistakes.
U.S. Court of International Trade appeal process. After protest denial, 180 days to file. Procedural requirements and outcomes.
CBP refund timing across mechanisms. Statutory interest rate, calculation methodology, accrual periods.
Section 232 duty refund pathways. Exclusion approvals, scope rulings, protests, retroactive recovery options.
Section 301 duty refund and recovery options. Exclusion approvals, drawback, protest filings.

Introduction: Compliance Is Not the Same as Oversight There is a persistent misconception in the U.S. importing community that having a customs broker handle entry filings is equivalent to having a compliance program. It is not. Most U.S. importers are not willfully non-compliant. They are, however, operating without meaningful oversight of the customs processes executed…
When to file drawback vs refund (CAPE, protest, PSC). Decision matrix by entry type and import circumstances.
Voluntary tender vs prior disclosure for compliance gap remediation. Different pathways, different penalty implications.